When shipping goods by sea to the UAE, selecting the appropriate container is crucial to ensure the safe and timely arrival of the goods. Companies, importers, and exporters need to be familiar with the various types of containers and the characteristics of each, to choose the most suitable option based on the nature of the goods being shipped. Containers vary in size, design, and function, which necessitates careful consideration of shipping needs, whether related to dry goods, liquids, or perishable items.

Why is Choosing the Right Container Important?

Shipping costs are largely influenced by the type, weight, and volume of goods, as well as the duration of the shipment. Choosing the right container can significantly ensure that goods remain intact and arrive on time, while also reducing the costs associated with damage during transport.

Standard Containers 

Standard containers are the most common in the sea freight industry, primarily used for transporting dry goods. They are typically available in 20-foot and 40-foot sizes. These containers are known for their large capacity, making them suitable for a wide range of goods. They are also designed to facilitate the transportation and handling process, making them an economical choice compared to other types of containers.

Open-Top Containers 

Open-top containers are primarily used for transporting long or bulky goods that cannot be accommodated in standard containers. These containers have removable roofs, making it easier to load goods from above. They offer high flexibility in transporting goods that are difficult to load vertically and allow for more efficient loading and unloading.

Flat Rack Containers 

Flat rack containers are ideal for transporting heavy or oversized equipment that requires an open space. They come in sizes like standard containers but have open sides and racks, increasing their flexibility. These containers can carry heavy equipment like engines and machinery and allow easy access to goods from all sides.

Refrigerated Containers (Reefer Containers) 

Refrigerated containers are used to transport perishable goods such as food and pharmaceuticals. They are equipped with advanced cooling systems to maintain a specific temperature during transport, ensuring the protection of goods from spoilage. These containers offer continuous cooling, and the internal temperature can be adjusted according to the type of goods being transported.

Tank Containers 

Tank containers are specifically designed for transporting liquids and gases safely. They come in different sizes depending on the type of liquid or gas being transported, but they generally match the dimensions of standard containers. Tank containers are highly secure due to their insulated walls, designed to withstand the pressure exerted during liquid and gas transport, and they are efficient in carrying large volumes of liquid safely.

Insulated Containers

 Insulated containers are used to protect goods that need to maintain a certain temperature without requiring active cooling. These containers are available in the same sizes as standard containers. They feature insulation layers that help maintain a stable internal temperature for goods, providing great flexibility for shipping items that require constant temperatures without the need for refrigeration.

Key Criteria for Choosing the Right Container

Type of Goods

• Dry Goods: Standard containers are typically used for dry goods such as clothing, electronics, and other consumer products. These containers are durable and offer good protection against external elements.
• Perishable Goods: For goods like food and pharmaceuticals that require specific temperatures, refrigerated containers are necessary to regulate the required temperature and ensure the quality and safety of the goods.
• Large or Heavy Goods: For large or heavy equipment that cannot fit in standard containers, open-top or flat rack containers are suitable. These containers allow easier loading and unloading of bulky goods.
• Liquids or Gases: For transporting liquids or gases, tank containers are specifically designed to ensure the safety and stability of the liquids or gases during transport.

Size and Weight of Goods

• Accurate Measurement: Precise measurements (length, width, height) of goods should be taken to determine the most suitable container size. Standard containers come in various sizes, such as 20 feet and 40 feet.
• Weight: Ensure that the weight of the goods does not exceed the maximum weight limit for the selected container. Standard containers typically handle weights up to 30 tons, but it is important to verify the specific capacity of each type of container.

Protection Requirements

• Fragile Goods: If goods are fragile or valuable and require additional protection, insulated containers can be used. These containers offer protection against unwanted external factors.
• Hazardous Materials: Goods containing hazardous materials require special containers that comply with international and local regulations to ensure safety. Experts should be consulted to ensure the correct container is used.

Storage and Access Requirements

• Long-Term Storage: If the goods are to be stored for an extended period, make sure the container provides adequate protection against environmental factors such as moisture and high temperatures.
• Frequent Access: If certain goods require quick or frequent access, it’s best to use containers that offer easy opening and access to the goods at any time.

Tips for Choosing the Right Container

• Consult Shipping Experts: Consulting with freight specialists can provide valuable advice on the best container for your goods.
• Inspect Containers Before Use: Ensure that the container is free from damage or defects that might affect the safety of the goods.
• Get Proper Insurance: Insuring both the goods and the container against damage or loss can be an additional solution to avoid any unforeseen problems.
• Know Local and International Shipping Regulations: Ensure that the container and the entire process comply with regulations in the UAE to avoid delays or penalties.

Procedures for Shipping Goods by Sea in Containers

Preparing the Goods

• Create a Cargo List: Prepare a detailed list of all the goods being shipped, including quantities, descriptions, and identification numbers if available. This list helps document the shipment and ensures everything is accurately recorded.
• Packaging: Goods should be securely packaged to ensure they arrive safely at their destination. Appropriate packaging materials such as boxes, bags, and plastic wrapping should be used, with a packing system based on the type and sensitivity of the goods.
• Labeling: Place identifying labels on goods with important details like the sender’s name, address, phone number, and the nature of the contents. This helps with identifying the goods and prevents mistakes during loading and unloading.

Choosing the Right Container

• Select Container Type: Based on the type, weight, and size of the goods, choose the appropriate container, whether it's a standard, refrigerated, or open-top container, etc.
• Ensure the container size matches the goods in terms of capacity and maximum allowable weight.
• Check Container Condition: Inspect the container for damage or defects that could affect the safety of the goods during transport, ensuring that the doors are tightly sealed to prevent unwanted water or air from entering.

Loading Process

• Secure Loading: Goods should be loaded into the container in an organized and secure manner to prevent damage or shifting during transport, with safety straps and load stabilizers used to secure the load.
• Even Weight Distribution: For large or heavy goods, distribute the weight evenly within the container to ensure its stability during transport and prevent any unwanted movement.

Documentation and Customs Procedures

• Prepare Shipping Documents: Prepare all necessary shipping documents such as the bill of lading, commercial invoice, and packing list. These documents are essential for smooth customs procedures.
• Customs Clearance Procedures: Submit the necessary documents to customs in the sending country to initiate the customs clearance process, accurately declaring the goods and ensuring compliance with all local and international regulations.

Shipping Procedures

• Book a Shipping Company: Contract with a reputable shipping company to transport the container across the seas. Ensure that the shipping company offers suitable schedules and reliable services.
• Track the Shipment: Use the real-time tracking services offered by the shipping company to monitor the status of the shipment, ensuring that it arrives on time.

Unloading and Receiving

• Safe Unloading: Upon arrival, carefully unload the goods to check for any damage or issues during transit. Any discrepancies or damages should be immediately documented and reported.
• Customs Clearance at Destination: Submit the necessary documents and cooperate with customs in the destination country to complete the customs clearance process, ensuring all regulations are followed to avoid any delays or penalties.